~Hudson Valley Horticulture~
Cornell Cooperative Extension of the Hudson Valley
~~~~~~~Commercial Horticulture Electronic Newsletter~~~~~~~

Volume 6, Issue 9
September 8, 2006
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Participating Counties: Dutchess * Orange * Putnam * Rockland * Sullivan * Ulster * Westchester *
Editor:Tolly Beck
http://www.cce.cornell.edu

 

2006
January
February
March
April

May
June
July

August

 


Crabgrass as a Forage?

I was a bit surprised when I recently learned that crabgrass was once promoted as a grain crop in the United States. But why be surprised? Many of our most troublesome pests are imports, introduced with the best of intentions and without much thought to the consequences.

Crabgrass supposedly evolved on the continent of Africa. It was one of the earliest grain crops, preceding wheat and other grains. Europeans discovered it and used it in Europe before they inadvertently brought it to the United States as a contaminant in fodder and food. The United States Patent Office (the forerunner of the United States Department of Agriculture) allegedly imported crabgrass around 1850 to help provide forage for farm animals. The grass was very successful, so much so that it fell into disfavor because it encroached upon cultivated field crops, yards, and gardens. Thus, its popularity as a forage diminished up until the past thirty years during which crabgrass has been regaining its legitimacy as a forage crop with producers and the academic sector. However, the homeowners and gardeners perception of crabgrass is still not favorable.

According to Andy Senesac, Cornell University Weed Scientist, crabgrass is probably the most troublesome weed that we have, annually costing millions of dollars for control by chemicals and mulches. Despite this intensive level of control, crabgrass continues to be a serious weed in many of the same sites that it is managed, like home lawns and landscaped areas.

Crabgrass will persist as a weed in turf and landscape regardless of its standing as a forage crop. Where it is not wanted, it can be effectively managed through early detection and timely action. If you would like more information on crabgrass management, contact your local Cornell Cooperative Extension Horticulture Program representative.

Written by Teresa Rusinek, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County

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Emerald Ash Borer Surveillance Detects the Presence of the Insect
Regional Survey and Response Plans are Being Implemented, No Ash Trees or Hardwood Firewood May Enter or Leave Prince Georges County

ANNAPOLIS, MD (August 22, 2006) Maryland officials today confirmed the presence of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in ash trees located in the Clinton/Brandywine area of southern Prince Georges County. The affected trees were discovered during survey and eradication efforts begun after the detection of the insect in Maryland in 2003, when a Michigan nurseryman shipped infested trees into a Prince Georges County nursery.

While we are disappointed to find the emerald ash borer after nearly three years of no detections, we are pleased that our surveillance efforts have proven to be effective and that we found the insect before it could spread further, said Agriculture Secretary Lewis R. Riley. Together with our federal, state, and local nursery partners, we are beginning aggressive measures to control and eradicate this destructive pest.

DNR foresters together with MDA are proactively following this course of action to safeguard Maryland's trees on both private and public lands, neighborhood trees and the nursery industry, said DNR Secretary of C. Ronald Franks. Since 2003, efforts to eradicate the insect included the collection and destruction of all trees sent to Maryland from the Michigan nurseryman, destruction of all ash trees within a mile radius of the introduction point, and three years of surveillance, which produced no emerald ash borers until now.

Maryland's nursery and greenhouse industry accounts for $303 million of the states $1.4 billion agriculture industry. Ash is the most common tree in Baltimore with approximately 293,000 trees and accounts for about six million trees in the Baltimore metropolitan area.

Submitted by Dianne K. Olsen, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Putnam County

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Energy Estimators for Growers

The USDAs Natural Resources Conservation Service has created an online tool, available at www.nrcs.usda.gov/energy , which helps to increase energy awareness in agriculture. The website contains energy estimators on the topics of tillage, nitrogen, and irrigation. The recently added irrigation estimator enables growers to enter information about their irrigation system and receive an analysis of changes they could make that could result in a savings of energy and/or water.

Submitted by Tolly Beck, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Rockland County

EPA Issues New Rules About Pesticide Containers

EPA's final regulations, "Standards for Pesticide Containers and Containment" were published on August 16, 2006 (Federal Register Vol. 71, Number 158, pp. 47329 - 47437. The rules govern refillable and non-refillable containers, repackaging, labeling and containment structures. Most of the new ruling pertains to manufacturers, but if your business re-sells products, you should take a look. Also, the "containment structures" part will affect all of us. A summary of these regulations can be accessed from the following link: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/container_requirements.pdf

Submitted by Dianne Olsen, Putnam County

Invasives Benefit from Altered Environment

University of Michigan researchers have found that invasive species (in this case, cattails) alter the environment to make it inhospitable to native species in order to benefit themselves, the invader. Check web-site for full article. < http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2006/Aug06/r080906 > http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?

Submitted by Marianna Quartararo, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Sullivan County

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Regional Updates

Dutchess County
Just back from 6 days staffing an information booth at the Dutchess County Fair...and one of the most popular questions concerned cicada killer wasps. Populations of this interesting wasp have surged in Dutchess County this year. It's a tough sell telling homeowners that the ones they find darting out at them are probably the males which do not have stingers. In the insect Order Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) it is only the female who is capable of stinging. Her "stinger" is actually the ovipositor (body part) by which she deposits eggs at a suitable site.

I am still seeing interesting dieback symptoms on two year old growth of Douglas fir. It seems stress from the rainy and cold spring have spurred needle damage that resembles Siroccus or botrytis blight. An interesting discovery though...a Douglas fir sample sent up to the diagnostic lab yielded a result of Diplodia tip blight. I was very surprised as I only usually associate Diplodia on pines. The literature does list Diplodia as occurring on Douglas fir. The Diagnostic Lab however, felt this infection was secondary to the primary problem which is most likely environmental.

Rhododendron lace bugs are still active. Damage from this pest can mimic spider mite damage. When looking at the top surface of the leaf a stippling similar to the stippling caused by spider mites is evident. But if you turn the leaf over you can find both immature and mature stages of the lace bug feeding (nymphs and adults). The conspicuous varnish-like excrement is evident on the underside of the leaves.

Submitted by Stephanie D. Mallozzi, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Dutchess County

Orange County
This month we have been seeing a number of insect pests in the diagnostic lab including cicada killer wasps which are huge and put fear into the hearts of residents! They are beneficial insects and we try to encourage people to leave them be if possible. In vegetable gardens we are seeing squash bugs and squash vine borers. We have also been seeing evergreen scale and scorch on pines caused by abiotic factors- likely due to the extremely high temperatures we experienced this summer. We always caution people to be aware of predicted high temperatures when applying chemical sprays and fertilizers. Some chemicals can burn foliage when temps are high and others applied to turfgrass may volitalize and cause damage to vegetation.

We have also been getting a number of calls about nuisance wildlife. In addition to the usual deer calls, we have been getting calls about bears, bats and skunks! We will be hosting an evening program with wildlife specialist Paul Curtis from Cornell University on October 25th to discuss these pests in the landscape. I will have details for you on next month's HVHORT newsletter.

Submitted by Rose Baglia, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Orange County


Westchester County

As with July, the overall month of August has yielded high temps and above normal rainfall as indicated by the amount of precipitation (27.91" at Westchester County Airport over 5" above normal) and Growing Degree Day count (2440 GDD; around a week above the average for this time of the year). Our phone calls continue to include questions about summertime patch diseases on turf, leaf spots and dollar spot that we noted on a recent site visit. Our cool-season turf grasses generally did not go entirely dormant in many situations this month another key indicator that we've had abundant rainfall. We've already received reports from around the region about white grubs being present in lawn areas. If you suspect you might have a problem, be sure to scout and identify the grub species before any treatment options are considered.

During our field site visits, we have continued to observe many of the usual diseases that occur on ornamental plantings during this time of the year including Black spot on Roses and Powdery mildew on a wide number of ornamentals including Lilac, Peony, and Phlox. The warm weather of August can encourage very high populations of Two-Spotted Spider Mites and thus monitoring for feeding damage is important. Keep an eye out for Spruce Spider Mite populations that may begin to reappear on conifers with the onset of cooler nights. We continue to note many of the other diseases mentioned in our last update including Guignardia leafblotch on Horse-chestnut and Dutch Elm Disease or Elm yellows symptoms on Elm trees. Samples from the lab are numerous and have included Fusarium dry rot & Fusarium root rot on beans, Sawfly feeding damage on hibiscus, and European pine shoot moth feeding on (in) the shoot tips of Mugho pine. Also, based on our samples and phone calls, this has truly been a banner year for the large, ground-nesting Cicada Killer Wasps that generally don't sting but catch the attention of many a passer-by!

Written by Rick Harper, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Westchester County

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Programs of Interest


Cornell University Landscape Management Short Course

Are you looking for cutting-edge information from Cornell University on total landscape care, cultural practices and plant establishment? If so, sign up for the Landscape Management Short Course. Each session will include presentations and open dialogue on all aspects of grounds care including turf management, plant selection, pest management, trees, shrubs, and flowering bedding plants. The program will be useful to any horticulture industry professional who installs and maintains landscapes in an urban or suburban setting such as arborists, turf professionals, gardeners, contractors, municipal grounds professionals parks and institutional grounds employees.

Topics covered include: Basic soils, tree and shrub care, pruning, fertilizer calibration for woody plants, turf management and the selection and care of annuals, perennials and ground covers. Notable speakers include Richard Weir III, Scott Clark, Ralph Tuthill and Dr.Tamson Yeh.

Classes will be held at Farmingdale State University on eight Thursday evenings, 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm, September 21st to November 9th, 2006. No testing will occur but DEC, ISA and CNP recertification credits will be awarded to those attending all eight sessions!

Information/Registration Fees: A registration fee of $400.00 includes course related Cornell publications/ handouts and refreshments. Checks should be made payable to Cornell University. For further registration details contact Richard Weir at 516-922-1956 or rw38@cornell.edu

Workshop: Working Together for the Landscape of Tomorrow
October 12, 2006: the Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group (CIPWG) will present an all-day invasive plant conference. Held at the Mountainside Resort in Wallingford, CT (2 miles from Interstate 91). Morning topics will include Linking Ecology and Horticulture to Prevent Plant Invasions" and "What's New." Concurrent afternoon sessions cover invasive plant management, restoration of invaded sites, and native plant alternatives to invasives. Browse exhibits by various organizations.
The registration fee of $35 ($45 if post-marked after September 15) includes lunch and free parking. The full day's agenda and registration information are available at < http://www.hort.uconn.edu/cipwg > For additional information, contact Donna Ellis (860) 486-6448


NENA's Green Summit convenes in October
New England Nursery Assoc. will hold its 2nd Green Summit educational seminar Oct. 18-20 at the Cranwell Resort in Lenox, Mass. Bill Taylor, founder of Fast Company magazine, and Charles Fishman, author of "The Wal-Mart Effect," will be featured speakers. Go to http://www.nensyassn.org/greensummit/about.htm for more information and to register.

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The 2006 New England Greenhouse Conference

The New England Greenhouse Conference will be held November 1-3 at the DCU Center in Worcester, Massachusetts with a trade show on November 2nd &3rd Wednesday, November 1st is a pre-conference day featuring in-depth workshops and short courses. Jim Barrett from the University of Florida and Peter Konjoian from Konjoians Floriculture Education Services will be offering two growth regulator workshops.

On Wednesday morning, November 1st, Jim and Peter will conduct the workshop, Introduction to Using Growth Regulators. Proper use of plant growth regulators is a critical part of producing high quality crops that do not become overgrown in your production or retail greenhouse, but do grow out for customers and are not stunted. Jim and Peter will share the basics for using commercially available growth regulators to effectively manage plant size. Learn how they work, and when to use sprays, sprenches (heavy soil surface spray), drenches, and liner dips. Come learn how to best use growth regulators on plugs, bedding plants, vegetative annuals, pot crops and more.

On Wednesday afternoon, Jim and Peter will conduct the workshop Advanced Workshop on Using Plant Growth Regulators. Whats new in PGRs? How do growing media components affect PGR activity? Get your questions answered and come hear about new ways to use plant growth regulators. Stretch your knowledge base with cutting-edge research-based information presented by Jim and Peter.

To be added to our mailing list to receive the 2006 New England Greenhouse Conference Program or for more information, contact: Cindy Delaney, Show Coordinator, 1 Main Street, No. 36, Winooski, VT 05404, Phone: 802-655-7769, Fax: 802-655-7769 Email: delaney@sover.net or visit our web site: www.negreenhouse.org

Mark your Calendars Today for this Continuing Education Opportunity for Golf Turf Professionals:

Make plans to attend Cornell's Advanced Golf Pest Management Short Course, January 24, 25, 26, 2007 on the Cornell campus in Ithaca, New York
.
Instructors include specialists from Cornell University, the University of Massachusetts, Rutgers, and the USGA. Continuing education credits will be offered including NYS Pesticide Recertification Credits and GCSAA credits.
More specific details can be found on our web site: http://www.hort.cornell.edu/instruction/short/courses2006.html
Questions? Contact Joann Gruttadaurio at 607-255-1792 or jg17@cornell.edu

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A printable version of the Hudson Valley 2006 Regional Horticulture Program Calendar is available online at the following link: http://www.cce.cornell.edu/ulster/Ag/AGEVENTS.htm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~Tri-County Nursery/Landscape Association ~
In Conjunction With
~Cornell Cooperative Extension ~ Present The 2006 Calendar of Events



October 10
*Deer and Nuisance Wildlife Controls
Rose Baglia (845) 344-1234, Jim Presutti (845) 567-1611

November 14
*DOT Program Update
Kevin Shuback (845) 651-4074, Mark Masseo (845) 658-9148

December 2
Holiday Party
Jan Jansen (845) 651-4106, Gene Vidal (845) 255-1249

All Dates Subject to Change

* = Pesticide Recertification Credits pending DEC approval

If you're not already a member, please consider joining the Tri-County Nurseryman/Landscape Association, Region 7 of the New York State Nursery/Landscape Association. It's a great way to network, learn and meet other people within our industry.
For more information contact: Kevin Shuback (845) 651-4074.

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Other Programs of Interest:

Certified Landscape Technician Training
Contact: New York State Turf and Landscape Association,
(914) 961-2535, Website: www.nystla.com
An optional national testing program to recognize proficiency of qualified landscape professionals.

Certified Nursery Professional Training Program
Dutchess, Putnam & Westchester: Scott Olivieri, (914) 682-4224
Orange, Rockland & Ulster: Mark Masseo (845) 658-9148
By passing this exam you can earn the title Certified Nursery Professional (CNP). Contact your New York State Nursery and Landscape Association listed above for more details.

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Last updated on March 5, 2007

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