Hudson Valley Horticulture
Cornell Cooperative Extension of the Hudson Valley
~~~Commercial Horticulture Electronic Newsletter~~~
Volume 7, Issue 10
October 29, 2007
Participating Counties: Orange * Dutchess * Putnam * Rockland * Sullivan * Ulster * Westchester *
Editor: Rosemarie S. Baglia
http://www.cce.cornell.edu

In this Issue:

  • 2007 Empire State Green Industry Show
  • Rules of Thumb for Windbreaks With Emphasis on Density
  • Adding Green Energy to Your Greenhouse Operation
  • The Basics of Alternative Herbicides
  • Cornell Cooperative Extension Publishes Sustainable Viticulture Workbook
  • Ticks Don't Come Out in the Wash
  • Use of Compost in Turf Maintenance and Landscape Construction
  • Wanted: Trees for Urban Landscapes

Regional Updates
o       Westchester
 
·        Pesticide Certification Exam Schedule
·        About Pesticide Certification
·        Tri-County Nursery Landscape Association Events
 
2007 Empire State Green Industry Show
The largest green industry show in New York State, the Empire State Green Industry Show, hosted by the New York State Nursery and Landscape Association, New York State Turfgrass Association, New York State Arborists and New York State Flower Industries, will be held at the Rochester Riverside Convention Center on November 13 - 15, 2007.  

Accredited Education: This is a great educational opportunity for all aspects of the Green Industry.  The Empire State Green Industry Show features accredited education sessions for all green industry professionals and a Trade Show with over 120 exhibitors. A total of 42 DEC credits will be available. ISA and CNLP credits will also be available. 
Registration: Conference registration and hotel reservations are now being accepted! It's not too early to book! To register, go to The Empire State Green Industry Show website at www.nysta.org/greenshow/2007_dates.html to download exhibitor and conference registration brochures.
 
Submitted by Brian Eshenaur, New York State Integrated Pest Management Program,
Western New York Ornamentals Specialist
 

Rules of Thumb for Windbreaks With Emphasis on Density

Windbreaks can serve an important purpose in a landscape.   It is the arrangement of leaves, twigs, branches and trunks which determine how air moves through a plant and the effect that arrangement has on wind speed.  Windbreaks are commonly used for living snow fences, crop protection and environmental conservation.  Different types of windbreaks may require a specific planting density.  A new publication from the USDA National Agroforestry Center offers some basic designs as well as examples of tree species and spacing.

For specific design and tree species recommendations go to:  http://www.unl.edu/nac/agroforestrynotes/an36w03.pdf

Written by Stephanie D. Mallozzi, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Dutchess County


Adding Green Energy to Your Greenhouse Operation

A new webpage developed by the University of  Massachusetts offers links and information regarding the process of adding green energy to your greenhouse operation.  The site contains useful information as well as links concerning: solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energy sources, finding a contractor, tax incentives (you may have to check NYS Department of Taxation for incentives which may be specific to NYS), energy efficiency and a list of Massachusetts  businesses using green energy.

For specific information go to: http://www.umassvegetable.org/food_farming_systems/green_energy/index.html

Source:  LI Horticulture News October 2007.

Written by Stephanie D. Mallozzi, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Dutchess County


The
Basics of Alternative Herbicides

The NYS IPM Program has created a series of fact sheets on alternative pesticides and herbicides.  Corn gluten meal, eugenol oil and acetic acid are three common alternative herbicide products currently on the market.  These fact sheets offer practical information regarding the products they are derived from and their mode of action.  These "no-nonsense" fact sheets offer both the advantages and disadvantages of these products.  For the herbicide fact sheet and insecticide fact sheets go to:

http://www.entomology.cornell.edu/Extension/Woodys/LandscapeHortPWT/AlternativePesticideFactSheets.html
Written by Stephanie D. Mallozzi, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Dutchess County


Cornell Cooperative Extension Publishes Sustainable Viticulture Workbook

By Joe Ogrodnick

Geneva, N.Y.: Cornell Cooperative Extension (CCE) has published a 125-page self-assessment workbook on sustainable agriculture for grape growers. The workbook, New York Guide To Sustainable Viticulture Practices, is now available in both print and online versions.

New York Guide To Sustainable Viticulture Practices offers grape growers in New York and other regions of the northeastern United States guidance in the evaluation and adoption of best management practices to minimize environmental impacts, reduce economic risks and protect worker health and safety. These practices include: soil management to reduce erosion, runoff and leaching; use of integrated pest management (IPM) practices for insect, disease and weed management; nutrient management, with a particular focus on nitrogen use; pesticide management and spray technology; and cultural practices used in viticulture. The workbook asks growers 134 questions related to these practices.

After answering the questions, growers can develop an action plan based on the results of their self-assessment. The action plan addresses those practices they believe can be effectively modified within the financial and management capacity of their farm.

Copies of New York Guide To Sustainable Viticulture Practices can be purchased online for $30.00 through the NYSAES bookstore at: https://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/store/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=40 . The online version is available at: http://www.vinebalance.com.
 
The above press release can be viewed in its’ entirety on the Cornell University New York State Agricultural Experiment Station's website @ http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pubs/press/2007/071005SusVit.html

Submitted by Rick Harper, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Westchester County
 

Ticks Don't Come Out in the Wash
 
Before venturing into tick-infested territory, you used a topical repellant on exposed skin and outer clothing. When you returned, you did a body check and threw your clothes in the wash. But clean clothes may not be tick-free clothes.

When he found a live lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) on the agitator of his washing machine, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) entomologist  John Carroll decided to find out how tough ticks are. So he bagged up nymphs from two species of the lone star tick and the deer tick, (Ixodes scapularis), the creature that transmits Lyme disease and put them in the washing machine.

Carroll used a combination of water temperature settings and detergent types to wash the ticks. The majority of lone star ticks survived all the water-detergent combinations with no obvious side effects. Most of the deer ticks lived through the cold and warm water settings as well. But when one type of detergent was used with a hot water setting, only 25 percent of the deer ticks survived.

When it came time to dry, all the ticks of both species died after an hour of tumbling around at high heat. But when the dryer was set to "no heat," about one-third of the deer ticks and more than half of the lone star ticks survived.

Carroll placed the ticks in mesh bags, which kept them from draining away during the rinse cycle and perhaps increased their odds for survival. However, ticks might also survive a sudsy interlude by sheltering in the folds and crevices of a typical load of laundry. Some tick species have been observed to survive hours of submersion in fresh water.

Both adult ticks and nymphs can transmit disease. Carrolls research reinforces recommendations by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to wash and dry clothes at high temperatures after spending time in areas known to harbor ticks.

Written by Ann Perry, USDA-ARS, October  2007
To read more, visit: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/071005.htm

Submitted by Rick Harper, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Westchester County
 
Use of Compost in Turf Maintenance and Landscape Construction

Compost can be used in many situations to add nutrients and organic matter to soils on new construction sites and existing sites.  Often the topsoil has been removed and subsoil remaining is nutrient deficient and severely compacted. Compost can be used to break up compaction and amend soil texture- particularly important in heavy clay soil. The results of a compost study on turfgrass maintenance and landscape construction conducted by Cornell Waste Management Institute and the Department of Horticulture are available at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/composttv.htm.
The site provides links to a fact sheet, two articles in BioCycle, and a final report.

Written by Rose Baglia, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Orange County


Wanted: Trees for Urban Landscapes

Imagine this "wanted" ad: Horticulturalists in search of small- to medium-sized, pest-resistant, low-maintenance trees that thrive in the face of environmental extremes. Must be able to tolerate foot traffic, storms, drought, car exhaust, insects and dogs. Good looks--springtime blossoms, shapely crowns, brilliant fall foliage--a plus.

Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientist John Hammond set out to make a lifelong match: trees that can survive years of service shading city sidewalks or traffic median strips. Hammond, who heads the ARS Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit in Beltsville, Md., is in charge of the "Power Trees Project."

For four years, Hammond has worked with federal, state and local partners to find trees that can keep their good looks and hold their own against urban stresses. Pick the wrong candidate, and a tree can grow too large for the space it occupies. Then it may have to be severely pruned--or even removed entirely--to accommodate utility lines or other structures. Or it may be vulnerable to pests, diseases and storm damage.

Hammonds team has found nine good street tree candidates in the U.S. National Arboretums cultivar collection, including varieties of red maple, crape myrtle, crab apple, flowering cherry and elm. Most mature at less than 25 feet and thrive in a range of U.S. hardiness plant zones.

Hammond and other ARS scientists are also investigating how a trees early cultivation method--either in a nursery container or by in-ground planting--affects its street survival. In initial tests, container-started trees outperformed in-ground trees, in part because container-grown trees don’t undergo root damage from being dug up and bound in burlap for transport. The researchers will now assess whether these early performance indicators are maintained as the trees mature.

With a bit of help, trees will continue to provide the tangible and intangible benefits that people expect--and enjoy--from their green surroundings.

Read more about this research in the October 2007 issue of Agricultural Research magazine, available online at:
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/oct07/trees1007.htm

ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research agency.
View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr
 
Submitted Elizabeth M. Lamb, New York State Integrated Pest Management Program
Coordinator, Ornamentals IPM
 
Regional Updates
 
Westchester County
 
As we have recently moved from one season to another, many of us look back and evaluate what type of summer we experienced.  Weather readings from Westchester County Airport indicate that the latest (Oct. 10) precipitation totals for 2007 are currently at 29.74" - well below the 35" that we received around the end of the summer/early fall last year!  The latest Growing Degree Day count (3121) puts us well above the GDD readings of this time last year.  Overall, it seems that we can say with little doubt that our summer has been notably warmer and drier than the summer of 2006. 

On our commercial field site-visits that we performed this summer, we have noted continuing issues related to mulching around landscape plants.   Each year, landscape shrubs and trees continue to have too much mulch placed around their base and in direct contact with the stem.   Although the individuals that do this may be well-intentioned, the effects of misapplied mulch - especially over the long term - can indeed be detrimental to plant health.  The typical recommendation is to apply mulch at a depth of 1-3", as wide as reasonably possible (hence the expression "mulch wide and not deep"), and to avoid contacting the stem of the plant.  So, while the benefits of using mulch properly are numerous and well-documented, misapplication may actually harm and not necessarily help the plant(s) in question.

Although a lot of insect and disease pests are not generally as active at this point in the year, some lingering spruce spider mite populations (and the damage they inflict) may still be notable on susceptible hosts like arborvitae and Alberta spruce.  In our lab, we received some samples of White pine that featured damaged needles.  While it has been hard to pinpoint a conclusive diagnosis, damage from mites (eriophyid) and air pollution have been identified as two possible causes.  Additionally, last week we noted 2nd larval instars of Oriental beetle grubs, so if you happen to be digging or moving some sod around, you might see some actively feeding grub populations this time of year.  Remember, before examining your treatment options, remove a square foot of sod and count the grubs to make sure that they meet or exceed treatment thresholds.  On that note, we have been receiving a lot of call-in questions about general lawn renovation.  A good place to start for more information about lawn renovation is The Homeowner's Lawn Care and Water Quality Almanac which is a month-by-month guide to lawn care.  It can viewed at: 
http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/lawn/almanac/september.htm

Written by Rick Harper, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Westchester County
 

Pesticide Certification Exam Schedule
Fall 2007 – Region 3

 
COUNTY                                                           TRAINING                                EXAMS
                                                                        9:30 AM – 1:00 PM               CORE: 9:30 AM
                                                                                                                        CATEGORY: 11:00 AM
 
Ulster (845-340-3990)                                    Completed                                Completed
 
Dutchess (845-677-8223)                                  Completed                               November 1, 2007
 
Sullivan (845-292-6180)                                  Cancelled                               November 20, 2007
 
Orange (845-344-1234)                                   October 30, 2007                November 27, 2007
 
Westchester/Putnam (845-278-6738)               November 7, 2007                December 4, 2007
 
Rockland (845-429-7085)                                 November 15, 2007               December 13, 2007
 
 
Seating may be limited. Reservations are required by all counties.  Contact the Cornell Cooperative Extension office where you wish to attend to sign up.
 
The DEC charges $50 for the exam fee (If you are attending the pre-exam training session, please bring a check or money order for the $50 exam with you that day).  For Commercial Applicators, upon passing the exam, the certification fee is $225 for your first category (except $100 for cat. 3A or 3B only).  This certification will be valid for a 3 year period (only 1 year for cat. 3A or 3B only).  If adding a category, a letter of experience or 12 recertification credits are needed to be allowed into the test: also certification fee to be determined at the time of the exam dependent on expiration date of current license. For Private Applicators, upon passing the exam, the fee is $25 for the first applicator and $5 for additional applicators at the same farm.  This certification is good for 5 years.
 
For more information contact the New York State Department of Environment Conservation, Division of Solid and Hazardous Materials, Region 3, 21 South Putt Corners Road, New Paltz, New York 121561-1696; by phone 845-256-3097, fax 845-255-3414, or visit their website at www.dec.ny.gov.
 
 

About Pesticide Certification

 
If you apply pesticides, including weed-killers, weed and feed products, insecticides, fungicides, or tick control products to customer's properties for hire, you or someone in your company must be a New York State Certified Pesticide Applicator through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and have your business registered.  There are now three levels of commercial certification: applicator, technician, and apprentice.
 
 
For Commercial Applicators
To be eligible to take the exams to become certified, you must meet one of the following requirements:
·         3 out of the past 5 years of verifiable experience as an apprentice working in the category applicant is seeking certification in; or
·         3 out of the past 5 years as a certified private applicator in a corresponding private category; or
·         Certification in another State with which New York has reciprocity; or
·         if seeking certification in the Sales Category - At least 3 years experience in the sale of pesticides, or can demonstrate, through applicable training certifications or education degrees, that one possesses appropriate technical background.
Certified Pesticide Technician
·         be at least 17 years of age.
·         2 years of verifiable experience as an apprentice; or
·         completion of a 30-hr. training course, approved by the Department or a baccalaureate or associate degree from an accredited college or university in the area seeking certification.  These are offered at the following:
Westchester Community College: (914) 785-6830
Dutchess Community College: (845) 431-8904
ATC: (845) 657-7027
 
For technicians, once certified, desiring full applicator status the following documentation is required: a letter indicating 2 yrs. of experience or 1 yr. of experience plus 12 recertification credits. Experience and recertification credits must be category or sub-category specific.
 
Pesticide Apprentice
·         Must be at least 16 years of age.
·         Must receive 40 hours of pesticide use experience under supervision of a certified applicator and a minimum of 8 hours of instruction on topics outlined in Section 325.18 of Part 325 Rules & Regulations relating to the application of pesticides, before being able to apply general use pesticides under the off-site direct supervision of a certified applicator.
·         Documentation of the above must be maintained by the certified applicator, and include: name & address of apprentice; date(s) of instruction or observation; content of training and certification category; instructor's name and certification identification number; and an evaluation of the competency of the apprentice.
For Private Applicators:
·         Must be at least 17 years old.
·         Have at least one year of full-time experience within the last three years in the use of pesticides in the category in which certification is requested – OR
·         Has completed a 30-hr. training course, or has received an associate's or higher level college degree in the area of which certification is requested.
For further information on eligibility rules and regulations, and fees, contact the NYSDEC Region 3 Pesticide Staff at (845) 256-3097.
Eligible candidates for certification must attend a training session, and pass two examinations, administered by the NYSDEC and held in conjunction with Cornell Cooperative Extension. Once you determine you are eligible for certification, contact your county's Cornell Cooperative Extension office for information on registering for the training class and exams. Contact your local CCE educator to find out training and exam dates for your county in the Hudson Valley.
 

Tri-County Nursery/Landscape Association In Conjunction With Cornell Cooperative Extension Present 2007 Calendar of Events

 
November 13 -15
Green Industry Show- Rochester
Jan Jansen (845) 651-4106
December 1
Holiday Party
Kevin Shuback (845) 651-4074, Jan Jansen (845) 651-4106
 
Cornell Cooperative Extension County Commercial Horticulture Educators
 
Dutchess: Stephanie Mallozzi, sdm10@cornell.edu, 845-677-8223 x 104
Orange: Rosemarie Baglia, rsb22@cornell.edu, 845-344-1234
Putnam: Jennifer Stengle, jjs95@cornell.edu, 845-278-6738
Rockland: Donna Cooke, dmc72@cornell.edu, 845-429-7085
Ulster: Teresa Rusinek, tr28@cornell.edu, 845-340-3990
Westchester: Rick Harper, rwh26@cornell.edu, 914-946-3005
Sullivan: Marianna Quartararo, mdq2@cornell.edu, 845-292-6180 x 112
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mention of trade names and commercial products is for educational purposes; no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Cornell Cooperative Extension or Cornell University is implied.
Pesticide recommendations are for informational purposes only and manufacturers' recommendations change.  Read the manufacturers' instructions carefully before use.  Cornell Cooperative Extension and Cornell University assume no responsibility for the use of any pesticide or chemicals.


Some of the links provided are not maintained by Cornell Cooperative Extension and Cornell University. Cornell Cooperative Extension and Cornell University are not responsible for information on these websites.  They are included for information purposes only and no endorsement by Cornell Cooperative Extension or Cornell University is implied.
You have received this email because you indicated an interest in hearing about the information included in Hudson Valley Horticulture.  If you wish to be removed from future mailings, please respond by using the "Reply" function in your email software and changing the subject line to "Remove."  This will automatically remove you from future mailings.  If this email has been forwarded to you, contact your local Cornell Cooperative Extension Educator and ask to be put on the list.
Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities.  Please notify us if you have special needs.