Biological Controls in Fruits
Allegany/Cattaraugus
Dig in!
Naturally occurring beneficial insects to look for

Pholetesor ornigis - A small wasp attacking spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella) and apple blotch leafminer

Stethorus punctum - A beetle in fruit orchards, strawberry fields, and crops attacked by spider mites. They are strictly a predator of plant-feeding mites, particularly the spider mites such as the European red mite and the twospotted spider mite, and especially the eggs.

Mullein plant bug - is found in both pome fruit trees and herbaceous plants, particularly mullein. Common prey include aphids, mites, thrips, and pear psylla.

Deraeocoris nebulosus - This bug-like predator feeds on whiteflies, aphids, psyllids, scales, mites, and lace bugs.

Brown Lacewings - are voracious predators as both larvae and adults. Prey includes tree-dwelling insects such as aphids, adelgids and other small soft-bodied insects. H. stigma is often found in association with the balsam twig aphid (Mindarus abietinus Koch) in Christmas tree plantations. It is also an important predator of the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) and pine bark adelgid (Pineus strobi). Laidlaw (1936) recommended it for control of Cooleyıs spruce gall adelgid (Adelges cooleyi) on Douglas-fir. It is known to attack a variety of conifer-feeding aphids.

Predatory Mite - prefers European red mite and actively seeks this prey. It will also feed on the two-spotted spider mite and the apple rust mite.

Daddy longlegs - are often common in crops such as corn, alfalfa, small grains, potatoes, cabbage, strawberries, and apple. Harvestmen will feed on many soft bodied arthropods in crops, including aphids, caterpillars, leafhoppers, beetle larvae, mites, and small slugs.

Beneficial insects commercially available

Convergent Lady Beetle - Found in wheat, sorghum, alfalfa, vegetables, greenhouse crops, orchard crops, and most crops attacked by aphids. Adults and larvae prey mainly on aphids. Reported prey include cotton, pea, melon, cabbage, potato, green peach, and corn leaf aphids. If aphids are scarce, beetles and larvae may feed on small insect larvae, insect eggs, mites and, occasionally, nectar, and honeydew secreted by aphids and other sucking insects. Convergent lady beetles have been recorded as predators of asparagus beetle eggs and larvae and potato psyllids.

Western Predatory Mite - Attacks two-spotted spider mites, McDaniel spider mites, yellow spider mites, apple and pear rust mites, Prunus rust mites, blister mites, and European red mites.

Beneficial pathogens commercially available

Baculoviruses - can be found wherever insects exist. These viruses are excellent candidates for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications. They have been shown to have no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds, fish, or even on non-target insects. This is especially desirable when beneficial insects are being conserved to aid in an overall IPM program, or when an ecologically sensitive area is being treated.

Nematodes - Entomopathogenic nematodes are extraordinarily lethal to many important soil insect pests, yet are safe for plants and animals.

Antagonist bacterium - naturally occur on apple and pear as biocontrol agents against fungi that cause postharvest decay of the fruits. Some of these appear to have commercial potential. These include P. syringae, which has been commercialized because many of them are effective in controlling postharvest decays of apple and pear.