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Agriculture >> Resources >> Plant and Disease Identification

Agriculture

Plant and Disease Identification

Bettles Infesting Flour and Meal
(Confused Flour Beetle)

Injury

Beetles of several species infest packages of whole grain and grain products. The infestation may begin at the time of manufacture or processing, in the warehouses of food distributors, in transit, on the grocers' shelves, or in the home. Most food processors and handlers make every effort to avoid insect infestations, but occasionally the efforts fail.

Infestations are usually discovered when an infested package is opened for use, or when small brown beetles are found in the kitchen near containers of stored grain products. A wide variety of foods may be infested including flour, cereal, dried fruits, dehydrated vegetables, shelled nuts, chocolate, spices, candies, pet foods, and bird seed. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the beetles may occur in infested foods.

Description

Two dozen or more different species of insects may occasionally infest grain and grain products used in home, but four species are much more frequent than the others. Three of these are minute insects, and the fourth is moderate in size.

The confused flour beetle is perhaps the most common. It is about 1/7 inch in length, an elongated dark brown hard-shelled beetle. Nearly as common is the saw-toothed grain beetle, which is slightly shorter and more slender. Both species lay eggs so small as to be nearly invisible to the naked eye. Their growth and development is similar. The newly hatched larvae, a tiny cream-colored insect with dark head, feeds voraciously upon grain and meal, and under the best of conditions will complete its development in 6 to 7 weeks. The pupal stage will require another 10 days to 2 weeks, so that it is not uncommon to have 5 or more generations each year. Adult female beetles may lay hundreds of eggs during a two to three year life span.

A third species, the red flour beetle is a red brown color and slightly larger than the confused flour beetle. Its development is similar to those described above.

The yellow mealworm is a larger insect, the adult being more than 1/2 inch in length. It develops more slowly than the three small species, seldom completing a generation in four months and frequently requiring more than one year. Because these large black beetles are so easily seen, and because of their extended period of development, infestations are usually discovered and treated before they become serious in the home.

Though these four are the most common of the beetles infesting meal and flour in the home, many others are not uncommon and vigilance is necessary to detect infestations as early as possible.

Management

The following suggestions may be useful in bringing an infestation quickly under control. Prompt action can be important in preventing loses of quantities of foods stored on kitchen and pantry shelves.

Carefully examine all susceptible foods that may have been exposed to infested material. Insects may even be found in paper-wrapped products which have not yet been opened in the home. All infested packages should be destroyed. There is no satisfactory way of separating insects from the flour of meal.

The contents from opened packages that appear to be uninfested should be transferred to glass jars or plastic containers with tight-fitting tops. This precaution is necessary because of the possibility that eggs of beetles, concealed in the product when the examination is made, may hatch later and lead to a new infestation if not contained. The glass aids in the periodic examination of the food.

Remove all food containers and utensils from the infested area. Remove old shelf paper and clean thoroughly, first with a vacuum cleaner and then with soap and water. Special attention should be paid to cracks and corners where bits of flour, meal or spices may have accumulated.

Continue to observe the area for several months after above procedure. If beetles reappear, the clean up may have been inadequate, or a newly infested package may have been brought into the kitchen.

Long term storage of meal and flour products often leads to infestation, and therefore, such products should be purchased in quantities suitable for early use unless adequate containers are employed.

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March 1973, Prepared by: Carolyn Klass
Sr. Extension Associate
Department of Entomology
Cornell University
Edgar M. Raffensperger
Professor
Department of Entomology
Cornell University

February 2003, Revised by: Carolyn Klass

Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete, and up-to-date pest management information for New York State. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly, and human errors are still possible. These recommendations are not a substitute for pesticide labeling. Read the label before applying any pesticide. Trade names used herein are for convenience only. No endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage. No endorsement of products is made or implied.

**HOME REMEDIES: These remedies are not endorsements by Cornell University of any product or procedure. They are not recommendations for use either express or implied. Neither Cornell University, nor its employees or agents, are responsible for any injury or damage to person or property arising from the use of this information.